The DRI framework (used in the US and Canada; India uses the ICMR-NIN Recommended Dietary Allowances) includes four reference values:
- EAR (Estimated Average Requirement): meets the needs of 50% of healthy individuals in a group.
- RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance): meets the needs of 97–98% — set at EAR + 2 standard deviations.
- AI (Adequate Intake): used when an EAR cannot be established; based on observed intake in healthy populations.
- UL (Tolerable Upper Intake Level): the highest daily intake unlikely to cause harm. Exceeding the UL — usually through supplements — carries risk of adverse effects.
These values are designed for healthy populations, not individuals with medical conditions. Nutrient needs shift during pregnancy, lactation, illness, and ageing. A registered dietitian can translate DRI values into practical eating guidance for your situation.