Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when three or more of the following are present: waist circumference above cut-off (≥90 cm in South Asian men, ≥80 cm in South Asian women), fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dL, blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol below threshold. Each criterion alone increases risk; together they multiply it.
Insulin resistance is a central driver. Excess abdominal (visceral) fat is both a cause and consequence. The condition is closely linked to type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and fatty liver disease.
Lifestyle modification is the first-line approach: sustainable weight loss of 5–10% meaningfully improves all five markers. A dietary pattern rich in fibre, unsaturated fats, and minimally processed foods — combined with regular physical activity — is consistently effective. Work with your clinician to monitor and manage individual components.