Breastfeeding is one of the most nutrient-demanding states in a woman’s life. The ICMR-NIN Dietary Guidelines for Indians 2024 recommends the following increments above a non-pregnant baseline:
- Energy: + 600 kcal/day for the first 6 months and + 520 kcal/day for the next 6 months.
- Protein: + 13.6 g/day for the first 6 months and + 10.6 g/day for the next 6 months, on top of the 0.83 g/kg/day baseline (≈ 60 g/day for a 55 kg woman before lactation).
These needs are best met through eating a varied, wholefood diet rather than relying on supplements. Hydration is critical — producing roughly 750 ml of milk daily increases fluid needs considerably; the most practical guide is drinking to thirst and monitoring urine colour.
Key micronutrients: Vitamin B12 — deficiency in the mother directly reduces milk B12 and puts the infant at neurological risk; vegans and vegetarians need to supplement reliably. Choline is essential for infant brain development; eggs, meat, and fish are the richest sources, and many breastfeeding supplements omit it. Vitamin D supplementation (400 IU/day for the infant is separately recommended in many guidelines; maternal dose does not reliably protect the baby through milk alone). Iodine (iodised salt, dairy, eggs) also passes through milk. NIN-DGI 2024 reiterates the role of an iron–folic-acid (IFA) tablet alongside an iodised-salt and calcium-rich diet during pregnancy and lactation.
Avoid unnecessary restriction of food groups during breastfeeding. Speak with a registered dietitian if you have concerns about milk supply, infant growth, or managing weight during lactation.